Timeline: Jane BROWN: The Housemans of Nidderdale

The Housemans of Nidderdale
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1806 -

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Timeline

	Date	Event(s)
1	1806	1806—1806: Dartmoor Prison opened (built by French prisoners) 9 January 1806—9 January 1806: Nelson buried in St Paul's cathedral, London
2	1807	25 March 1807—25 March 1807: Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 ? but does not prohibit colonial slavery
3	1808	1808—1808: Gas lighting in London streets 13 July 1808—13 July 1808: 'Hot Wednesday' ? temperature of 101?F in the shade recorded in London 20 December 1808—20 December 1808: Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna
4	1809	12 February 1809—12 February 1809: Birth of Charles Darwin 18 September 1809—18 September 1809: Royal Opera House opens in London
5	1810	1810—1810: John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of road metalling
6	1811	5 February 1811—5 February 1811: Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane
7	1812	11 May 1812—11 May 1812: Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged 18 June 1812—18 June 1812: Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada October 1812—October 1812: Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses
8	1813	1813—1813: Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast 1813—1813: Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'
9	1814	1 January 1814—1 January 1814: Invasion of France by Allies 6 April 1814—6 April 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba 13 August 1814—13 August 1814: Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch 24 August 1814—24 August 1814: The British burn the White House 29 November 1814—29 November 1814: 'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour) 24 December 1814—24 December 1814: Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US
10	1815	1815—1815: Trial by Jury established in Scotland 1815—1815: Davy develops the safety lamp for miners 18 June 1815—18 June 1815: The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
11	1816	1816—1816: Income tax abolished 1816—1816: For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially below their face value ? the first official 'token' coinage 1816—1816: Climate: the 'year without a summer' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years 1816—1816: Large scale emigration to North America 1816—1816: Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
12	1817	1817—1817: March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended 1817—1817: Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'
13	1818	1818—1818: Manchester cotton spinners' strike 20 October 1818—20 October 1818: 'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length
14	1819	1819—1819: Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular 1819—1819: Britain returns to gold standard 1819—1819: Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles May 1819—May 1819: SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days mostly under sail) 16 August 1819—16 August 1819: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
15	1820	1820—1820: Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet 1820—1820: Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition 29 January 1820—29 January 1820: Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent 1 August 1820—1 August 1820: Regent's Canal in London opens 17 August 1820—17 August 1820: Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ? George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
16	1821	1821—1821: Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation' 1821—1821: Constable paints 'The Hay Wain' 5 May 1821—5 May 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
17	1822	14 June 1822—14 June 1822: Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
18	1823	1823—1823: New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session 1823—1823: Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes 1823—1823: Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School 1823—1823: Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh 2 December 1823—2 December 1823: US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
19	1824	1824—1824: RSPCA established 1824—1824: Portland cement patented 4 March 1824—4 March 1824: Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854) 10 May 1824—10 May 1824: National Gallery in London opens to the public
20	1825	27 September 1825—27 September 1825: Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
21	1827	1827—1827: Ohm's Law published
22	1828	25 October 1828—25 October 1828: St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
23	1829	1829—1829: London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed 'Bobbies' after Sir Robert Peel 1829—1829: Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind 10 June 1829—10 June 1829: First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race 6 October 1829—6 October 1829: George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to complete the trial!)
24	1830	1830—1830: Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and Belgium July 1830—July 1830: Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons ? Louis Philippe (the Citizen King) on the throne 15 September 1830—15 September 1830: George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of Wellington ? first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a leading politician, is run over!
25	1831	1831—1831: A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled 1 June 1831—1 June 1831: James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole 1 August 1831—1 August 1831: 'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) ? old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
26	1832	1832—1832: Electoral Registers introduced 1832—1832: Electric telegraph invented by Morse 7 June 1832—7 June 1832: Reform Bill passed ? Representation of the People Act
27	1833	January 1833—January 1833: Britain invades the Falkland Islands 29 August 1833—29 August 1833: Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
28	1834	1834—1834: Babbage invents forerunner of the computer 18 March 1834—18 March 1834: 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities 1 May 1834—1 May 1834: Slavery abolished in British possessions
29	1835	1835—1835: Christmas becomes a national holiday 1835—1835: First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway
30	1836	1836—1836: First Potato famine in Ireland 30 January 1836—30 January 1836: Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened ? considered the world's first modern suspension bridge 25 February 1836—25 February 1836: Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver' 6 March 1836—6 March 1836: The Alamo falls to Mexican troops - death of Davy Crockett July 1836—July 1836: Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
31	1837	1837—1837: Pitman introduces his shorthand system 1837—1837: P&O Founded 20 June 1837—20 June 1837: William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901) 1 July 1837—1 July 1837: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales - Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834 13 July 1837—13 July 1837: Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace 20 July 1837—20 July 1837: Euston Railway station opens - first in London
32	1838	28 June 1838—28 June 1838: Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
33	1839	1839—1839: First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong 1839—1839: Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern Sense 1839—1839: Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
34	1840	1840—1840: Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain 1840—1840: Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed elsewhere) 10 January 1840—10 January 1840: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
35	1841	1841—1841: Thomas Cook starts package tours 10 February 1841—10 February 1841: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp 6 June 1841—6 June 1841: June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)
36	1842	1842—1842: Income Tax reintroduced in Britain 30 March 1842—30 March 1842: Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America) 29 August 1842—29 August 1842: Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong
37	1843	1843—1843: First Christmas card in England 27 May 1843—27 May 1843: The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London 19 July 1843—19 July 1843: Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
38	1844	6 June 1844—6 June 1844: YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
39	1845	1845—1845: Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham) 17 March 1845—17 March 1845: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
40	1846	10 September 1846—10 September 1846: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
41	1847	1847—1847: US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre January 1847—January 1847: An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
42	1848	1848—1848: First commercial production of chewing gum 24 January 1848—24 January 1848: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush 11 July 1848—11 July 1848: Waterloo railway station in London opens
43	1849	1849—1849: Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally occurred in 1971!
44	1851	1851—1851: Gold discovered in Australia 1 May 1851—1 May 1851: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
45	1852	1852—1852: Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement 1852—1852: Wells Fargo established in USA
46	1853	1853—1853: Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
47	1854	1854—1854: Cigarettes introduced into Britain 27 March 1854—27 March 1854: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War) 25 October 1854—25 October 1854: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
48	1856	1856—1856: End of Crimean War 29 January 1856—29 January 1856: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
49	1857	1857—1857: Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable
50	1858	1858—1858: 'The great stink' - smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work 1858—1858: Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
51	1859	1859—1859: Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain 25 April 1859—25 April 1859: Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869) 4 May 1859—4 May 1859: Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon and Cornwall 24 November 1859—24 November 1859: Charles Darwin publishes 'The Origin of Species'
52	1860	29 August 1860—29 August 1860: First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
53	1861	25 May 1861—25 May 1861: American Civil War begins
54	1862	1862—1862: Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks) 20 April 1862—20 April 1862: First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
55	1863	1863—1863: Football Association founded (UK) 1863—1863: Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England 10 January 1863—10 January 1863: First section of the London Underground Railway opens
56	1864	1864—1864: A man-powered submarine, 'Hunley' sank a Federal steam ship USS Housatonic at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 - the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship 11 March 1864—11 March 1864: The Great Sheffield Flood - over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time 20 August 1864—20 August 1864: Red Cross established - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention 8 December 1864—8 December 1864: Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened
57	1865	1865—1865: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908] 1865—1865: First concrete roads built in Britain 14 April 1865—14 April 1865: End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA 14 April 1865—14 April 1865: Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth 5 July 1865—5 July 1865: William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
58	1867	1 July 1867—1 July 1867: The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
59	1868	1868—1868: Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)
60	1869	1869—1869: Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented 23 November 1869—23 November 1869: Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
61	1870	1870—1870: GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised) 1870—1870: Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children 1870—1870: Water closets come into wide use 1870—1870: Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa 1 October 1870—1 October 1870: First British postcard - halfpenny post
62	1871	27 March 1871—27 March 1871: First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh 29 March 1871—29 March 1871: Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London 29 June 1871—29 June 1871: Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
63	1872	1872—1872: Licensing hours introduced 1872—1872: Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales) 4 December 1872—4 December 1872: American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean
64	1874	1874—1874: Factory Act introduces 56-hour week 5 April 1874—5 April 1874: Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
65	1875	1875—1875: London's main sewage system completed 1 January 1875—1 January 1875: Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
66	1876	14 February 1876—14 February 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights
67	1877	1877—1877: Edison invents microphone and phonograph
68	1878	1878—1878: Edison & Swan invent electric lamp 1878—1878: Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph 1878—1878: CID established at New Scotland Yard
69	1879	18 September 1879—18 September 1879: Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
70	1880	1880—1880: Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds 1880—1880: Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria 2 August 1880—2 August 1880: Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
71	1881	1881—1881: Postal Orders introduced 1881—1881: Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy September 1881—September 1881: Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904) 26 October 1881—26 October 1881: Gunfight at OK Corral
72	1882	1882—1882: Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed
73	1883	1883—1883: Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France 24 May 1883—24 May 1883: Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River) 1 August 1883—1 August 1883: Parcel post starts in Britain 27 August 1883—27 August 1883: Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave
74	1884	31 May 1884—31 May 1884: John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes 13 October 1884—13 October 1884: Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
75	1885	1885—1885: Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car 1885—1885: Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle 1885—1885: Eastman makes first coated photographic paper 1885—1885: Canadian Pacific Railway completed March 1885—March 1885: First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking 5 September 1885—5 September 1885: The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel 29 September 1885—29 September 1885: First electric tramcar used at Blackpool
76	1886	20 January 1886—20 January 1886: Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales May 1886—May 1886: Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named 'Coca-Cola' 29 May 1886—29 May 1886: Putney Bridge opens in London
77	1887	1887—1887: Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car
78	1888	1888—1888: Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace 1888—1888: Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year 1888—1888: County Councils set up in Britain 1888—1888: Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre 1888—1888: First box camera - George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film 20 March 1888—20 March 1888: Football League formed
79	1889	1889—1889: Celluloid film produced 1889—1889: Dock Strike - docker's won their 'Docker's Tanner' 6 old pennies 31 March 1889—31 March 1889: Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution) 14 May 1889—14 May 1889: Children's charity NSPCC launched in London 3 June 1889—3 June 1889: Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast 28 September 1889—28 September 1889: Length of a metre defined
80	1890	4 March 1890—4 March 1890: Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build 4 November 1890—4 November 1890: City & South London Railway opens - London's first deep-level tube railway and first major railway in the world to use electric traction
81	1891	1891—1891: Primary education made free and compulsory 18 March 1891—18 March 1891: First telephone link between London & Paris 4 May 1891—4 May 1891: Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893) 24 August 1891—24 August 1891: Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera
82	1892	1892—1892: Electric oven invented 1892—1892: Shop Hours Act - limit 74 hours per week for under-18's 6 October 1892—6 October 1892: Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere
83	1893	1893—1893: Henry Ford's first car 1893—1893: Zip fastener invented
84	1894	1894—1894: Picture postcard introduced in Britain 1 January 1894—1 January 1894: Manchester Ship Canal opens 1 March 1894—1 March 1894: Blackpool Tower opens 30 June 1894—30 June 1894: Tower Bridge first opens 2 August 1894—2 August 1894: Death duties first introduced in Britain
85	1895	1895—1895: Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London 12 January 1895—12 January 1895: The National Trust founded in England 24 May 1895—24 May 1895: Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted 28 May 1895—28 May 1895: Oscar Wilde sent to prison 12 July 1895—12 July 1895: First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain 17 October 1895—17 October 1895: First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences - John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey November 1895—November 1895: X-rays discovered
86	1896	5 April 1896—5 April 1896: First modern Olympic Games held in Athens 2 June 1896—2 June 1896: Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio
87	1897	1897—1897: Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector
88	1898	1898—1898: First photograph using artificial light 1898—1898: Zeppelin builds airship 1898—1898: Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company founded 17 March 1898—17 March 1898: USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine 27 June 1898—27 June 1898: The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by Joshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895)
89	1899	6 March 1899—6 March 1899: Aspirin first marketed by Bayer 11 October 1899—11 October 1899: Start of Second Boer War
90	1900	1900—1900: School leaving age in Britain raised to 14 years 1900—1900: Central Line opens in London: underground is electrified 1900—1900: Escalator shown at Paris exhibition 9 February 1900—9 February 1900: Davis Cup tennis competition established 27 February 1900—27 February 1900: Labour Party formed
91	1901	1901—1901: Commonwealth of Australia founded 1901—1901: Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner 22 January 1901—22 January 1901: Queen Victoria dies - Edward VII king 2 February 1901—2 February 1901: Queen Victoria's funeral - interred beside Prince Albert in the Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park June 1901—June 1901: Denunciation of use of concentration camps by British in Boer War 2 October 1901—2 October 1901: Britain's first submarine launched 12 December 1901—12 December 1901: First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi - Morse code from Cornwall to Newfoundland
92	1902	1902—1902: Balfour's Education Act provides for secondary education 1902—1902: Cremation Act - cremation can only take place at officially recognised establishments, and with two death certificates issued 1902—1902: Marie Curie discovers radioactivity 24 May 1902—24 May 1902: Empire Day (later Commonwealth Day) first celebrated 31 May 1902—31 May 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging ends Second Boer War 9 August 1902—9 August 1902: Coronation of Edward VII
93	1903	1903—1903: Workers' Education Association (WEA) formed in Britain 1903—1903: Women's Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Emmeline Pankhurst 1903—1903: Henry Ford sets up his motor company 14 December 1903—14 December 1903: First flight of Wilbur & Orville Wright
94	1904	1904—1904: Leeds University established 8 April 1904—8 April 1904: France and UK sign the Entente Cordiale 4 May 1904—4 May 1904: America takes over construction of the Panama Canal from the French (completed 1914)
95	1905	1905—1905: The title 'Prime Minister' noted in a royal warrant for the first time - placed the Prime Minister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York 1905—1905: Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration 1905—1905: Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship 11 April 1905—11 April 1905: Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity
96	1906	1906—1906: Introduction of free school meals for poor children 10 February 1906—10 February 1906: Launching of HMS Dreadnought, first turbine-driven battleship 15 March 1906—15 March 1906: Rolls-Royce Ltd registered 26 May 1906—26 May 1906: Vauxhall Bridge opened in London 20 September 1906—20 September 1906: Launching of Cunard's RMS Mauretania on the Tyne
97	1907	1907—1907: New Zealand becomes a Dominion 1907—1907: Imperial College, London, is established 1907—1907: First airship flies over London 1907—1907: Lumiere develops a process for colour photography July 1907—July 1907: Leo Hendrik Baekeland patents Bakelite, the first plastic invented that held its shape after being heated 1 August 1907—1 August 1907: Baden-Powell leads the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island 9 November 1907—9 November 1907: The Cullinan Diamond presented to Edward VII on his birthday
98	1908	1908—1908: Coal Mines Regulation Act in Britain limits men to an eight hour day 1908—1908: Separate courts for juveniles established in Britain 1908—1908: Lord Baden-Powell starts the Boy Scout movement 1 July 1908—1 July 1908: SOS became effective as an international signal of distress 12 August 1908—12 August 1908: First 'Model T' Ford made
99	1909	1909—1909: Beveridge Report prompts creation of labour Exchanges 1909—1909: Peary reaches the north pole 1909—1909: First commercial manufacture of Bakelite - start of the plastic age 1 January 1909—1 January 1909: Old Age Pensions Act came into force 16 January 1909—16 January 1909: Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole 15 March 1909—15 March 1909: Selfridges department store opens in London 25 July 1909—25 July 1909: Bleriot flies across the Channel (36 minutes, Calais to Dover)
100	1910	1910—1910: Railway strike and coal strikes in Britain 1910—1910: Constitutional crisis in Britain 1910—1910: Dr Crippen caught by radio telegraphy; hanged 23 Nov at Pentonville 1910—1910: Madame Curie isolates radium 1910—1910: Halley's comet reappears 1910—1910: Tango becomes popular in North America and Europe 6 May 1910—6 May 1910: Edward VII dies - George V becomes King
101	1911	1911—1911: Parliament Act in Britain reduces the power of the House of Lords 1911—1911: British MPs receive a salary 1911—1911: First British Official Secrets Act 1911—1911: Rutherford: theory of atomic structures 1911—1911: Strikes by seamen, dock and transport workers (1911-1912) 2 April 1911—2 April 1911: Census: Population - England and Wales: 36 Million; Scotland: 4.6 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million 22 June 1911—22 June 1911: Coronation of George V 14 December 1911—14 December 1911: National Insurance introduced in Britain
102	1912	1912—1912: Irish Home Rule crisis grows in Britain 1912—1912: Britain nationalises the telephone system 1912—1912: Discovery of the 'Piltdown Man' - hoax, exposed in 1953 18 January 1912—18 January 1912: Captain Scott's last expedition - he and his team reach the south pole on Jan 18th; all die on the way back, their bodies found in November 14 April 1912—14 April 1912: The 'unsinkable' Titanic sinks on maiden voyage - loss of 1,513 lives 13 May 1912—13 May 1912: Royal Flying Corps (later the RAF) founded in Britain
103	1913	1913—1913: Third Irish Home Rule Bill rejected by House of Lords - threat of civil war in Ireland - formation of Ulster Volunteers to oppose Home Rule 1913—1913: Suffragette demonstrations in London - Mrs Pankhurst imprisoned 1913—1913: Trade Union Act in Britain establishes the right to use Union funds for political purposes 1913—1913: Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley of Sheffield 1913—1913: Geiger invents his counter to measure radioactivity 4 June 1913—4 June 1913: Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby and dies
104	1914	1914—1914: Irish Home Rule Act provides for a separate Parliament in Ireland; the position of Ulster to be decided after the War 1914—1914: Chaplin and De Mille make their first films 28 June 1914—28 June 1914: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo 4 August 1914—4 August 1914: Britain declares war on Germany, citing Belgian neutrality as reason 5 August 1914—5 August 1914: British cableship Telconia cut through all five of Germany's undersea telegraph links to the outside world 15 August 1914—15 August 1914: Panama Canal opened, the Canal cement boat 'Ancon' making the first official transit (plans for a grand opening were cancelled due to the start of WW1) October 1914—October 1914: Battle of Ypres - beginning of trench warfare on western front 27 November 1914—27 November 1914: First policewoman goes on duty in Britain 16 December 1914—16 December 1914: German battleships bombard Hartlepool and Scarborough
105	1915	1915—1915: Junkers construct first fighter aeroplane 1915—1915: First automatic telephone exchange in Britain 19 January 1915—19 January 1915: First Zeppelin air raid on England, over East Anglia - four killed February 1915—February 1915: Submarine blockade of Britain starts April 1915—April 1915: Second Battle of Ypres - poison gas used for first time 25 April 1915—25 April 1915: Gallipoli campaign starts (declared ANZAC Day in 1916) 7 May 1915—7 May 1915: RMS Lusitania sunk by German submarine off coast of Ireland - 1,198 died 16 May 1915—16 May 1915: First meeting of a British WI (Women's Institute) took place in Llanfairpwll (aka Llanfair PG), Anglesey
106	1916	1916—1916: Compulsory military service introduced in Britain February 1916—February 1916: Battle of Verdun - appalling losses on both sides, stalemate continues 24 April 1916—24 April 1916: Easter Rising in Ireland - after the leaders are executed, public opinion backs independence 21 May 1916—21 May 1916: First use of Daylight Saving Time in UK 31 May 1916—31 May 1916: Battle of Jutland - only major naval battle between the British and German fleets 5 June 1916—5 June 1916: Sinking of HMS Hampshire and death of Kitchener 3 August 1916—3 August 1916: Sir Roger Casement hanged at Pentonville Prison for treason 15 September 1916—15 September 1916: First use of tanks in battle, but of limited effect (Battle of the Somme 1 July to 18 Nov: over 1 million casualties) 7 December 1916—7 December 1916: Lloyd-George becomes British Prime Minister of the coalition government