Timeline: George HOUSEMAN: The Housemans of Nidderdale

The Housemans of Nidderdale
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1689 -

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Timeline

George HOUSEMAN (1689 - )

	Date	Event(s)
1	1689	1689—1689: Devonport naval dockyard established 13 February 1689—13 February 1689: William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne (only William, however, has regal power) 12 March 1689—12 March 1689: Deposed James VII & II flees to Ireland - defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1 Jul 1690) 24 May 1689—24 May 1689: Toleration Act passed for Protestant non-conformists 27 July 1689—27 July 1689: Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland - Jacobites defeated Government troops but at high cost 16 December 1689—16 December 1689: Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, ending King's divine right to raise taxes or wage war
2	1690	20 May 1690—20 May 1690: England passes Act of Grace, forgiving Roman Catholic followers of James II
3	1692	1692—1692: Land Tax introduced - originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public offices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of wealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Tax. 1692—1692: French intention to invade England came to nothing 13 February 1692—13 February 1692: The massacre of Glencoe - Clan Campbell sides with King William and murders members of Clan McDonald
4	1693	4 August 1693—4 August 1693: Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre P?rignon 's invention of Champagne
5	1694	1694—1694: National Debt came into effect in England 1694—1694: Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland 1694—1694: Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler 1694—1694: Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years 1694—1694: Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699) 27 July 1694—27 July 1694: Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)
6	1695	1695—1695: Freedom of Press in England granted 1695—1695: Bank of Scotland founded 1695—1695: Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed 1706) 1695—1695: Start of Dissenters' lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish church - some were named 'Papist' and others 'Protestants'
7	1697	2 December 1697—2 December 1697: Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
8	1698	1698—1698: Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery 1698—1698: Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama 1698—1698: Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years 4 January 1698—4 January 1698: Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire 14 November 1698—14 November 1698: Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier
9	1700	1700—1700: Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million
10	1701	1701—1701: Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne 23 May 1701—23 May 1701: After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd hanged in London
11	1702	8 March 1702—8 March 1702: Anne Stuart becomes Queen 11 March 1702—11 March 1702: First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)
12	1703	4 August 1703—4 August 1703: British take Gibraltar 24 November 1703—24 November 1703: Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage across southern England - about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone lighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)
13	1704	1704—1704: Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military 13 August 1704—13 August 1704: Battle of Blenheim
14	1705	1705—1705: First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710 or 1711) 1705—1705: Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)
15	1706	1706—1706: First evening newspaper The Evening Post' issued in London
16	1707	16 January 1707—16 January 1707: Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading privileges - Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March 1 May 1707—1 May 1707: English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - The Kingdom of Great Britain established - largest free-trade area in Europe at the time
17	1708	1708—1708: First Jacobite rising in Scotland 1708—1708: Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
18	1709	1709—1709: Second Eddystone lighthouse completed 1709—1709: First Copyright Act pass 1709—1709: Bad harvests throughout Europe - bread riots in Britain 2 February 1709—2 February 1709: Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe
19	1710	1710—1710: Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced
20	1711	1711—1711: Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London 11 August 1711—11 August 1711: First race meeting at Ascot
21	1712	1712—1712: Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853) 1712—1712: Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham) 1712—1712: Toleration Act passed - first relief to non-Anglicans
22	1713	1713—1713: By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London
23	1714	1714—1714: Longitude Act: prize of ?20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer). 1714—1714: Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England 1714—1714: Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism 1 August 1714—1 August 1714: Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).
24	1715	1715—1715: Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen') 1 August 1715—1 August 1715: Riot Act passed
25	1716	1716—1716: The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption - general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911) 1716—1716: Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without interrupting the frost fair
26	1717	1717—1717: First Masonic Lodge opens in London 1717—1717: Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings
27	1719	1719—1719: Third abortive Jacobite rising
28	1720	1720—1720: South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley - government assumes control of National Debt 1720—1720: Manufacturing towns start to increase in population - rise of new wealth 1720—1720: Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England
29	1721	2 April 1721—2 April 1721: Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
30	1722	1722—1722: Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland 1722—1722: Knatchbull's Act, poor laws
31	1723	1723—1723: Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate 1723—1723: The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching - repealed in 1827 1723—1723: The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
32	1724	1724—1724: Rapid growth of gin drinking in England 1724—1724: Longman's founded (Britain's oldest publishing house)
33	1726	1726—1726: First circulating library opened in Edinburgh 1726—1726: Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison
34	1727	1727—1727: Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland 11 June 1727—11 June 1727: George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king
35	1729	9 November 1729—9 November 1729: Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain - Britain maintained control of Port Mahon and Gibraltar
36	1730	1730—1730: Irish famine
37	1731	1731—1731: Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701] 1731—1731: Invention of sextant by John Hadley
38	1732	7 December 1732—7 December 1732: Covent Garden Opera House opens
39	1733	1733—1733: Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine - Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax 1733—1733: Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years 1733—1733: John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry
40	1734	1734—1734: Kent's Directory published
41	1737	1737—1737: Licensing Act restricts the number of London theatres and subects plays to censorship of the Lord Chamberlain (till 1950s)
42	1738	24 May 1738—24 May 1738: John Wesley has his conversion experience
43	1739	1739—1739: Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival 7 April 1739—7 April 1739: Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York 23 October 1739—23 October 1739: War of Jenkins' Ear starts: Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain
44	1741	1741—1741: Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian registers
45	1742	1742—1742: England goes to war with Spain - incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for the sake of trade
46	1743	16 June 1743—16 June 1743: (June 27 in Gregorian calendar): Battle of Dettingen - last time a British sovereign (George II) led troops in battle
47	1744	1744—1744: Tune 'God Save the King' makes its appearance
48	1745	1745—1745: Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five') 19 August 1745—19 August 1745: Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth, Edinburgh, and England as far as Derby
49	1746	16 April 1746—16 April 1746: Battle of Culloden - last battle fought in Britain - 5,000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited
50	1747	1747—1747: Act for Pacification of the Highlands 1747—1747: Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland
51	1749	27 April 1749—27 April 1749: First performance of Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks (in Green Park, London)
52	1750	February 1750—February 1750: Series of earthquakes in London and the Home Counties cause panic with predictions of an apocalypse (Feb/Mar) 16 November 1750—16 November 1750: Original Westminster Bridge opened (replaced in 1862 due to subsidence)
53	1751	March 1751—March 1751: Chesterfield's Calendar Act passed - royal assent to the bill was given on 22 May 1751 - decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: In and throughout all his
54	1752	1752—1752: Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning conductor 1 January 1752—1 January 1752: Beginning of the year 1752 [Scotland had adopted January as the start of the year in 1600, and some other countries in Europe had adopted the Gregorian calendar as early as 1582] 3 September 1752—3 September 1752: Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and Scotland, making this Sep 14
55	1753	1753—1753: Private collection of Sir Hans Sloane forms the basis of the British Museum 1 May 1753—1 May 1753: Publication of ?Species Plantarum' by Linnaeus and the formal start date of plant taxonomy
56	1754	1754—1754: Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used - Quakers & Jews exempt 1754—1754: In the General Election, the Cow Inn at Haslemere, Surrey caused a national scandal by subdividing the freehold to create eight votes instead of one 1754—1754: First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India
57	1755	1755—1755: Publication of Dictionary of the English Language' by Dr Samuel Johnson 1755—1755: Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827) 2 December 1755—2 December 1755: Second Eddystone Lighthouse destroyed by fire
58	1756	15 May 1756—15 May 1756: The Seven Years War with France (Pitt's trade war) begins June 1756—June 1756: Black Hole of Calcutta - 146 Britons imprisoned, most die according to British sources
59	1757	1757—1757: The foundation laid for the Empire of India 14 March 1757—14 March 1757: Admiral Byng shot at Portsmouth for failing to relieve Minorca 23 June 1757—23 June 1757: The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British, but is defeated at the battle of Plassey (Palashi, June 23) - the East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive
60	1758	1758—1758: India stops being merely a commercial venture - England begins dominating it politically - The East India Company retains its monopoly although it ceased to trade
61	1759	1759—1759: Wesley builds 356 Methodist chapels 15 January 1759—15 January 1759: British Museum opens to the public in London 16 October 1759—16 October 1759: Third Eddystone Lighthouse (John Smeaton's) completed
62	1760	1760—1760: Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland 5 May 1760—5 May 1760: First use of hangman's drop 25 October 1760—25 October 1760: George II dies - George III Hanover, his grandson, becomes king. The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called first Industrial Revolution'
63	1761	16 January 1761—16 January 1761: British capture Pondicherry, India from the French
64	1762	1762—1762: Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba
65	1763	1763—1763: Treaty of Paris - gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - (Newfoundland [fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) - but English displaces French as the international language
66	1764	1764—1764: Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared 1764—1764: Practice of numbering houses introduced to London 1764—1764: James Hargeaves invents the Spinning Jenny (but destroyed 1768) 1764—1764: Mozart produces his first symphony at age eight
67	1765	1765—1765: The potato becomes the most popular food in Europe 22 March 1765—22 March 1765: Stamp Act passed - imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the American colonies (repealed the following year)
68	1766	1766—1766: Start of 'composite' national records on rainfall in the UK 5 December 1766—5 December 1766: Christie's auction house founded in London by James Christie
69	1767	1767—1767: Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt
70	1768	9 January 1768—9 January 1768: Philip Astley starts his circus in London 6 December 1768—6 December 1768: The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica' published in Edinburgh by William Smellie
71	1769	1769—1769: Arkwright invents water frame (textile production) 1769—1769: Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand 6 September 1769—6 September 1769: David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon
72	1770	1770—1770: Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications 28 April 1770—28 April 1770: Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) ? Aug 21: formally claims Australia for Britain
73	1771	1771—1771: Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England
74	1772	1772—1772: First Travellers' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company 1772—1772: Morning Post' first published (until 1937) 14 May 1772—14 May 1772: Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England
75	1774	13 September 1774—13 September 1774: Cook arrives on Easter Island
76	1775	19 April 1775—19 April 1775: Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775- 1783)
77	1776	1776—1776: Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population 1776—1776: Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine 4 July 1776—4 July 1776: American Declaration of Independence 7 September 1776—7 September 1776: First attack on a warship by a submarine - David Bushnell's ?Turtle' attacked HMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did detonate beneath the ship) but was nevertheless unsuccessful. 'Turtle' was a one man Affair man-powered [Les Moore]
78	1777	1777—1777: Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw.
79	1779	1779—1779: Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent 1779—1779: First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson 1779—1779: First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland 14 February 1779—14 February 1779: Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii 23 September 1779—23 September 1779: Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head
80	1780	1780—1780: Male Servants Tax 1780—1780: The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books 1780—1780: Fountain pen invented 1780—1780: About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager 4 May 1780—4 May 1780: First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June) 2 June 1780—2 June 1780: Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread
81	1782	1782—1782: Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns 1782—1782: James Watt patents his steam engine
82	1783	1783—1783: Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in entries! 3 September 1783—3 September 1783: Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US) 3 November 1783—3 November 1783: Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)
83	1784	1784—1784: Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics 1784—1784: Wesley breaks with the Church of England 1784—1784: First golf club founded at St Andrews 1784—1784: Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle 2 August 1784—2 August 1784: First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
84	1785	1785—1785: Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million) 1 January 1785—1 January 1785: John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years)
85	1787	1787—1787: MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London
86	1788	1788—1788: First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland 1788—1788: Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not enforced) 1788—1788: First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates more humane conditions on slave ships 1788—1788: King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the Prince of Wales 1788—1788: Gibbon completes Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' 26 January 1788—26 January 1788: First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13 May 1787) ? the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip
87	1789	28 April 1789—28 April 1789: Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island
88	1790	1790—1790: Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
89	1791	1791—1791: John Bell, printer, abandons the long s' (the 's' that looks like an 'f') 1791—1791: Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain 4 December 1791—4 December 1791: First publication of The Observer - world's oldest Sunday newspaper
90	1792	1792—1792: Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel 1792—1792: Boyle's Street Directory published 1792—1792: Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot 1 October 1792—1 October 1792: Introduction of Money Orders in Britain 1 December 1792—1 December 1792: King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia
91	1793	11 February 1793—11 February 1793: Britain declares war on France (1793-1802) 15 April 1793—15 April 1793: ?5 notes first issued by the Bank of England
92	1794	1794—1794: Abolition of Parish Register duties 6 October 1794—6 October 1794: The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was therefore treasonous
93	1795	1795—1795: The Famine Year 1795—1795: Foundation of the Orange Order 1795—1795: Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815) far outstripped wage rises - many small farmers were bankrupted by the move towards enclosures and became landless labourers - their wages were often pitifully low 1795—1795: Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture. 1795—1795: Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy
94	1796	1796—1796: Pitt's Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate 1796—1796: Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and grandparents 14 May 1796—14 May 1796: Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England
95	1797	1797—1797: England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments 1797—1797: Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore 1797—1797: Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publications 1797—1797: The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to the coining press 22 February 1797—22 February 1797: French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later 26 February 1797—26 February 1797: First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England
96	1798	1798—1798: First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner February 1798—February 1798: The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct) 1 August 1798—1 August 1798: Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
97	1799	1799—1799: Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York 1799—1799: Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain 9 January 1799—9 January 1799: Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure 12 July 1799—12 July 1799: 'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations 15 July 1799—15 July 1799: ?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics