Timeline: Kathleen Mary LAMBERT: The Housemans of Nidderdale

The Housemans of Nidderdale
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1921 - 1964 (42 years)

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Timeline

Kathleen Mary LAMBERT (1921 - 1964)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1921	1921—1921: Railway Act in Britain amalgamates companies - only four remained 1921—1921: Insulin discovery announced 1921—1921: First birth control clinic 19 June 1921—19 June 1921: Census: Population - England and Wales: 37.9 Million; Scotland: 4.9 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million 6 December 1921—6 December 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty signed in London, leading to the formation of the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland
2	1922	1922—1922: Law of Property Act - the manorial system effectively ended 1 June 1922—1 June 1922: Royal Ulster Constabulary founded October 1922—October 1922: BBC established as a monopoly, and begins transmissions in November (2LO in London on 14 Nov; 5IT in Birmingham and 2ZY in Manchester on 15 Nov)
3	1923	1923—1923: Roads in Great Britain classified with A and B numbers 1923—1923: Hubble shows there are galaxies beyond the Milky Way 1923—1923: First American broadcasts heard in Britain 1 January 1923—1 January 1923: The majority of the railway companies in Great Britain grouped into four main companies, the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, LMSR - lasted until nationalisation in 1948 16 February 1923—16 February 1923: Howard Carter unsealed the burial chamber of Tutankhamun 28 April 1923—28 April 1923: First Wembley cup final (West Ham 0, Bolton 2) - 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles ' popular song of the time became the West Ham anthem 28 September 1923—28 September 1923: First publication of Radio Times
4	1924	4 January 1924—4 January 1924: First Labour government in Britain, headed by Ramsay MacDonald 5 February 1924—5 February 1924: Hourly Greenwich Time Signals from the Royal Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast by the BBC 31 March 1924—31 March 1924: British Imperial Airways begins operations (formed by merger of four British airline companies - became BOAC in 1940)
5	1925	1925—1925: Britain returns to gold standard 18 July 1925—18 July 1925: Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf
6	1926	1926—1926: First public demonstration of television (TV) by John Logie Baird 1926—1926: Adoption of children is legalised in Britain 1926—1926: Kodak produces 16mm movie film 1926—1926: Walt Disney arrives in Hollywood 21 April 1926—21 April 1926: Princess Elizabeth born 3 May 1926—3 May 1926: General Strike begins. Lasts until May 12 (mine workers for 6 months more) 31 October 1926—31 October 1926: Death of Harry Houdini
7	1927	1927—1927: Release of the first 'talkie' film (The Jazz Singer) 7 January 1927—7 January 1927: First transatlantic telephone call - New York City to London 22 January 1927—22 January 1927: First football broadcast by BBC (Arsenal v Sheffield United at Highbury) 1 May 1927—1 May 1927: First cooked meals on a scheduled flight introduced by Imperial Airways from London to Paris 20 May 1927—20 May 1927: Lindbergh makes solo flight across the Atlantic, in 33? hours 31 May 1927—31 May 1927: Last Ford Model T rolls off assembly line 24 July 1927—24 July 1927: The Menin Gate war memorial unveiled at Ypres
8	1928	1928—1928: Women over 21 get vote in Britain - same qualification for both sexes 26 April 1928—26 April 1928: Madame Tussauds opens in London 15 September 1928—15 September 1928: Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovers penicillin (results published 1929)
9	1929	1929—1929: Abolition of Poor Law system in Britain 1929—1929: Minimum age for a marriage in Britain (which had been 14 for a boy and 12 for a girl) now 16 for both sexes, with parental consent (or a licence) needed for anyone under 21 1929—1929: BBC begins experimental TV transmissions
10	1930	1930—1930: First Nazis elected to the German Reichstag 1930—1930: Youth Hostel Association (YHA) founded in Britain 30 January 1930—30 January 1930: Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany 31 January 1930—31 January 1930: 3M begins marketing Scotch Tape 6 March 1930—6 March 1930: Clarence Birdseye first marketed frozen peas 5 October 1930—5 October 1930: R101 airship disaster - British abandons airship construction
11	1931	1931—1931: Statute of Westminster: British Dominions become independent sovereign states 1931—1931: Collapse of the German banking system; 3,000 banks there close 14 April 1931—14 April 1931: Highway Code first issued 26 April 1931—26 April 1931: Census: Population - England and Wales; 40 Million; Scotland: 4.8 Million; N Ireland: 1.24 Million (Unfortunately, the census was destroyed by fire in WW2) 21 October 1931—21 October 1931: National Government formed to deal with economic crisis - Britain comes off gold standard
12	1932	1932—1932: Great Hunger March of unemployed to London 1932—1932: Moseley founds British Union of Fascists 1932—1932: Cockroft and Walton accelerate particles to disintegrate an atomic nucleus 1932—1932: Sir Thomas Beecham established the London Philharmonic Orchestra 21 May 1932—21 May 1932: Amelia Earhart first solo nonstop flight across Atlantic by a female pilot 3 October 1932—3 October 1932: Iraq gains independence from Britain 3 October 1932—3 October 1932: 'The Times' introduces 'Times New Roman' typeface
13	1933	1933—1933: ICI scientists discover polythene 1933—1933: Only 6 pennies minted in Britain this year 12 November 1933—12 November 1933: First known photos of the 'Loch Ness Monster' taken
14	1934	1934—1934: Hitler becomes Fuehrer of Germany 18 July 1934—18 July 1934: King George V opens Mersey Tunnel 26 September 1934—26 September 1934: RMS Queen Mary launched 30 November 1934—30 November 1934: First time a steam locomotive travels at 100 mph ('Flying Scotsman')
15	1935	1935—1935: London adopts a 'Green Belt' scheme 1935—1935: Land speed record of 301.13 mph by Malcolm Campbell 28 February 1935—28 February 1935: Nylon first produced by Gerard J. Berchet of Wallace Carothers' research group at DuPont (there is no evidence to the widely-supposed story that the name derives from New York-London) 12 March 1935—12 March 1935: Hore-Belisha introduces pedestrian crossings and speed limits for built-up areas in Britain 1 June 1935—1 June 1935: Voluntary driving tests introduced in UK 30 July 1935—30 July 1935: Penguin paperbacks launched
16	1936	1936—1936: Jet engine first tested 20 January 1936—20 January 1936: George V dies 5 May 1936—5 May 1936: First flight of a Spitfire 24 July 1936—24 July 1936: 'Speaking clock' service starts in UK 2 November 1936—2 November 1936: British Broadcasting Corporation initiates the BBC Television Service, world's first public TV transmission 30 November 1936—30 November 1936: Crystal Palace destroyed by fire 5 December 1936—5 December 1936: Edward VIII abdicates (announced Dec 10) - popular carol that Christmas: 'Hark the Herald Angels sing Mrs Simpson's got our King'
17	1937	1937—1937: '999' emergency telephone call facility starts in London 1937—1937: Billy Butlin opens his first holiday camp 12 April 1937—12 April 1937: Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft 12 May 1937—12 May 1937: Coronation of King George VI 28 May 1937—28 May 1937: Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister - policy of appeasement towards Hitler 3 June 1937—3 June 1937: Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson 4 December 1937—4 December 1937: 'The Dandy' first published
18	1938	1938—1938: Principle of paid holidays established in Britain 1938—1938: HMS Rodney first ship to be equipped with radar 1938—1938: First practical ball-point pen produced by Hungarian journalist, Lajos Biro 12 March 1938—12 March 1938: Germany invades and annexes Austria 3 July 1938—3 July 1938: 'Mallard' reaches 126 mph (203 km/h); still world record for a steam locomotive 27 September 1938—27 September 1938: Largest ocean liner ever built, Queen Elizabeth launched on Clydebank 29 September 1938—29 September 1938: Chamberlain visits Hitler in Munich - promises 'peace in our time' 30 October 1938—30 October 1938: Orson Welles broadcasts his radio play of HG Wells 'The War of the Worlds', causing panic in the USA
19	1939	1939—1939: Germany annexes Czechoslovakia 1939—1939: Start of evacuation of women and children from London 1939—1939: Coldest winter in Britain since 1894, though this could not be publicised at the time 1 September 1939—1 September 1939: Germany invades Poland 3 September 1939—3 September 1939: Britain and France declare war on Germany 6 September 1939—6 September 1939: First air-raid on Britain 11 September 1939—11 September 1939: British Expeditionary Force (BEF) sent to France 14 October 1939—14 October 1939: HMS Royal Oak sunk in Scapa Flow with loss of 810 lives 7 December 1939—7 December 1939: 'First flight' of Canadian troops sail for Britain - 7,400 men on 5 ships 17 December 1939—17 December 1939: 'Admiral Graf Spee' scuttled outside Montevideo
20	1940	1 April 1940—1 April 1940: BOAC starts operations, replacing Imperial and British Airways Ltd 11 May 1940—11 May 1940: National Government formed under Churchill 13 May 1940—13 May 1940: Germany invades France 27 May 1940—27 May 1940: Start of the evacuation of the British Army at Dunkirk (27 May - 4 Jun) 25 June 1940—25 June 1940: Fall of France to Germany 7 September 1940—7 September 1940: Germany launches bombing blitz on Britain, the first of 57 consecutive nights of bombing 15 September 1940—15 September 1940: Battle of Britain: massive waves of German air attacks decisively repulsed by the RAF - Hitler postpones invasion of Britain 14 November 1940—14 November 1940: Coventry heavily bombed and the Cathedral almost completely destroyed
21	1941	1941—1941: Britain introduces severe rationing 1941—1941: First British jet aircraft flies, based on work of Whittle 1941—1941: Bailey invents his portable military bridge 1941—1941: First use of antibiotics 10 May 1941—10 May 1941: Rudolf Hess flies to Scotland 27 May 1941—27 May 1941: 'Bismark' sunk 22 June 1941—22 June 1941: Germany invades Russia (Operation Barbarossa) 1 July 1941—1 July 1941: First Canadian armoured regiments arrive in Britain December 1941—December 1941: Canadian forces given operation role in defending south coast of England December 1941—December 1941: 'Manhattan Project' of nuclear research begins in America 7 December 1941—7 December 1941: Japan attackes US fleet at Pearl Harbour 8 December 1941—8 December 1941: USA enters WWII 24 December 1941—24 December 1941: Hong Kong falls to the Japanese
22	1942	1942—1942: Invention of world's first programmable computer by Alan Turing in co-operation with Max Neumann - used to crack German codes 1942—1942: Gilbert Murray founds Oxfam 30 May 1942—30 May 1942: Over 1,000 allied bombers raid Cologne 4 June 1942—4 June 1942: Battle of Midway 19 August 1942—19 August 1942: Abortive raid on Dieppe, largely by Canadian troops 6 September 1942—6 September 1942: Germans defeated at Stalingrad 3 October 1942—3 October 1942: First successful launch of V2 rocket in Germany - first man-made object to reach space 23 October 1942—23 October 1942: Battle of El Alamein - Montgomery defeats Rommel 2 December 1942—2 December 1942: 'Manhattan Project' - a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction
23	1943	1943—1943: Round-the-clock bombing of Germany begins 16 May 1943—16 May 1943: 'Dam Buster' raids on Ruhr dams by RAF 24 July 1943—24 July 1943: Allies invade Italy - Benito Mussolini resigns as Italian Dictator, 24 July
24	1944	6 April 1944—6 April 1944: PAYE income tax begins 4 June 1944—4 June 1944: Allies enter Rome 6 June 1944—6 June 1944: D-Day invasion of Normandy 12 June 1944—12 June 1944: First V1 flying bombs hit London 8 September 1944—8 September 1944: First V2 rocket bombs hit London 11 September 1944—11 September 1944: Allies enter Germany 16 December 1944—16 December 1944: Battle of the Bulge: German counter-offensive
25	1945	4 February 1945—4 February 1945: Yalta Conference between Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin 29 March 1945—29 March 1945: Last V1 flying bomb attack 25 April 1945—25 April 1945: Berlin surrounded by Russian troops 30 April 1945—30 April 1945: Hitler commits suicide 8 May 1945—8 May 1945: VE Day (Victory in Europe) 9 May 1945—9 May 1945: Channel Islands liberated 26 June 1945—26 June 1945: UN Charter signed in San Francisco 16 July 1945—16 July 1945: First ever atomic bomb exploded in a test in New Mexico (although there were other forms of atomic device before that, such as the Pile at Stagg Field, first critical on 2nd Dec 1942) 26 July 1945—26 July 1945: Labour win UK General Election - Churchill out of office 29 July 1945—29 July 1945: BBC Light Programme starts 6 August 1945—6 August 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 9 August 1945—9 August 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki 15 August 1945—15 August 1945: VJ Day (Victory in Japan) 2 September 1945—2 September 1945: Japanese surrender signed aboard USS Missouri 24 October 1945—24 October 1945: United Nations Organisation comes into existence 4 November 1945—4 November 1945: UNESCO founded
26	1946	1946—1946: Transition to National Health Service starts in Britain (came into being 5th July 1948) 1946—1946: Alistair Cooke starts his regular 'Letter from America' on BBC radio - until 2004 1 January 1946—1 January 1946: First civillian flight from Heathrow Airport 1 March 1946—1 March 1946: Bank of England nationalised
27	1947	1947—1947: Most severe winter in Britain for 53 years at start of the year - heavy snow and much flooding later 1947—1947: First British nuclear reactor developed 1 January 1947—1 January 1947: Coal Mines nationalised 23 February 1947—23 February 1947: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) founded 1 March 1947—1 March 1947: International Monetary Fund begins financial operations 1 April 1947—1 April 1947: School leaving age raised to 15 in Britain 26 October 1947—26 October 1947: British military occupation ends in Iraq 20 November 1947—20 November 1947: Marriage of Princess Elizabeth (later Elizabeth II) and Philip Mountbatten in Westminster Abbey
28	1948	1948—1948: British Citizenship Act : all Commonwealth citizens qualify for British passports 1948—1948: Transistor radio invented 1948—1948: Long-playing record (LP) invented by Goldmark 1 January 1948—1 January 1948: British Railways nationalised 5 July 1948—5 July 1948: National Health Service (NHS) begins in Britain 29 July 1948—29 July 1948: London Olympics begin
29	1949	1949—1949: Maiden flight of the Bristol Brabazon (broken up in 1953 for scrap) 1949—1949: De Haviland produces the Comet - first jet airliner 15 March 1949—15 March 1949: Clothes rationing ends in Britain 4 April 1949—4 April 1949: Twelve nations sign The North Atlantic Treaty creating NATO
30	1950	19 May 1950—19 May 1950: Points rationing ends in Britain 26 May 1950—26 May 1950: Petrol rationing ends in Britain 11 July 1950—11 July 1950: 'Andy Pandy' first seen on BBC TV 9 September 1950—9 September 1950: Soap rationing ends in Britain 28 December 1950—28 December 1950: The Peak District becomes the Britain's first National Park
31	1951	3 May 1951—3 May 1951: Festival of Britain and Royal Festival Hall open on South Bank, London 28 May 1951—28 May 1951: First Goon Show broadcast 20 December 1951—20 December 1951: Electricity first produced by nuclear power, from Experimental Breeder Reactor
32	1952	1952—1952: Contraceptive pill invented 1952—1952: Britain explodes her first atomic bomb, in Australia 1952—1952: Radioactive carbon used for dating prehistoric objects 1952—1952: Bonn Convention: Britain, France and USA end their occupation of West Germany 6 February 1952—6 February 1952: King George VI dies 21 February 1952—21 February 1952: Identity Cards abolished in Britain 2 May 1952—2 May 1952: First commercial jet airliner service launched, by BOACComet between London and Johannesburg 5 July 1952—5 July 1952: Last tram runs in London (Woolwich to New Cross) 16 August 1952—16 August 1952: Lynmouth (North Devon) flood disaster 6 September 1952—6 September 1952: DH110 crashes at Farnborough Air Show, 26 killed 3 October 1952—3 October 1952: End of tea rationing in Britain 1 November 1952—1 November 1952: The first H-bomb ever ('Mike') was exploded by the USA - the mushroom cloud was 8 miles across and 27 miles high. The canopy was 100 miles wide. Radioactive mud fell out of the sky followed by heavy rain. 80 million tons of earth was vaporised. 25 November 1952—25 November 1952: Agatha Christie's 'The Mousetrap' opens in London 4 December 1952—4 December 1952: Great smog hits London
33	1953	31 January 1953—31 January 1953: Said to be the biggest civil catastrophe in Britain in the 20th century - severe storm and high tides caused the loss of hundreds of lives - - effects travelled from the west coast of Scotland round to the south-east coast of England [The Netherlands were even worse affected with over a thousand deaths] 5 February 1953—5 February 1953: Sweet rationing ends in Britain 5 March 1953—5 March 1953: Death of Stalin 26 March 1953—26 March 1953: Jonas Salk announces his polio vaccine 24 April 1953—24 April 1953: Winston Churchill knighted 25 April 1953—25 April 1953: Francis Crick and James D Watson publish the double helix structure of DNA 2 June 1953—2 June 1953: Coronation of Elizabeth II 26 September 1953—26 September 1953: Sugar rationing ends in Britain (after nearly 14 years)
34	1954	1954—1954: First comprehensive school opens in London 1954—1954: Routemaster bus starts operating in London 1954—1954: First transistor radios sold 6 May 1954—6 May 1954: First sub 4 minute mile (Roger Bannister, 3 mins 59.4 secs) 3 July 1954—3 July 1954: Food rationing officially ends in Britain 5 July 1954—5 July 1954: BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin 30 September 1954—30 September 1954: First atomic powered sumbmarine USS Nautilus commissioned
35	1955	1955—1955: 'Mole' self-grip wrench patented by Thomas Coughtrie of Mole & Sons 27 July 1955—27 July 1955: Jul 27: Allied occupation of Austria (after WW2) ends 22 September 1955—22 September 1955: Commercial TV starts in Britain
36	1956	1956—1956: Britain constructs world's first large-scale nuclear power station in Cumberland 1 March 1956—1 March 1956: Radiotelephony spelling alphabet introduced (Alpha, Bravo, etc) 17 April 1956—17 April 1956: Premium Bonds first launched - first prizes drawn on 1 Jun 1957 3 June 1956—3 June 1956: 3rd class travel abolished on British Railways (renamed 'Third Class' as 'Second Class', which had been abolished in 1875 leaving just First and Third Class) 31 October 1956—31 October 1956: Britain and France invade Suez
37	1957	1957—1957: Britain introduces parking meters 1957—1957: Helvetica typeface developed (in Switzerland) 11 January 1957—11 January 1957: Harold Macmillan becomes Prime Minister 14 May 1957—14 May 1957: Post-Suez petrol rationing ends 15 May 1957—15 May 1957: Britain explodes her first hydrogen bomb, at Christmas Island 25 May 1957—25 May 1957: Treaty of Rome to create European Economic Community (EEC) of six countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg - became operational Jan 1958 4 December 1957—4 December 1957: Lewisham rail disaster - 90 killed as two trains collide in thick fog and a viaduct collapses on top of them 25 December 1957—25 December 1957: Queen's first Christmas TV broadcast
38	1958	1958—1958: Easter: First anti-nuclear protest march to Aldermaston (emergence of CND) 1958—1958: Computers begin to be used in research, industry and commerce 1958—1958: USA begins to produce Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) 13 May 1958—13 May 1958: Velcro trade mark registered 26 July 1958—26 July 1958: Prince Charles' Investiture as 'Prince of Wales' 5 December 1958—5 December 1958: Inauguration of Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) in Britain (completed in 1979) 5 December 1958—5 December 1958: Preston by-pass opens - UK's first stretch of motorway
39	1959	3 February 1959—3 February 1959: 'The Day The Music Died' - plane crash kills Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and The Big Bopper 17 February 1959—17 February 1959: Vanguard 2 satellite launched - first to measure cloud-cover distribution 24 May 1959—24 May 1959: Empire Day becomes Commonwealth Day August 1959—August 1959: BMC Mini car launched 3 October 1959—3 October 1959: Postcodes introduced in Britain 1 November 1959—1 November 1959: First section of M1 motorway opened
40	1960	17 March 1960—17 March 1960: New ?1 notes issued by Bank of England 18 March 1960—18 March 1960: Last steam locomotive of British Railways named 21 July 1960—21 July 1960: Francis Chichester arrives in New York aboard Gypsy Moth II (took 40 days), winning the first single-handed transatlantic yacht race which he co-founded 12 August 1960—12 August 1960: Echo I, the first (passive) communications satellite, launched 12 September 1960—12 September 1960: MoT tests on motor vehicles introduced 1 October 1960—1 October 1960: HMS 'Dreadnought' nuclear submarine launched 2 November 1960—2 November 1960: Penguin Books found not guilty of obscenity in the 'Lady Chatterley's Lover' case
41	1961	1 January 1961—1 January 1961: Farthing ceases to be legal tender in UK 13 March 1961—13 March 1961: Black & White ?5 notes cease to be legal tender 14 March 1961—14 March 1961: New English Bible (New Testament) published 1 May 1961—1 May 1961: Betting shops legal in Britain
42	1962	1962—1962: Britain passes Commonwealth Immigrants Act to control immigration 1962—1962: Thalidomide withdrawn after it causes deformities in babies 1962—1962: Britain and France agree to construct 'Concorde' 25 May 1962—25 May 1962: Consecration of new Coventry Cathedral (old destroyed in WW2 blitz) 15 June 1962—15 June 1962: First nuclear generated electricity to supplied National Grid (from Berkeley Glos) July 1962—July 1962: First passenger-carrying hovercraft enters service, along the North Wales Coast from Moreton to Rhyl 10 July 1962—10 July 1962: First TV transmission between US and Europe (Telstar) - first live broadcast on 23 Jul 24 October 1962—24 October 1962: Cuba missile crisis - brink of nuclear war
43	1963	1963—1963: France vetoes Britain's entry into EEC January 1963—January 1963: Cold weather forces cancellation of most football matches (only 4 English First Division matches in the month) - the first 'pools panel' created 27 March 1963—27 March 1963: Beeching Report on British Railways (the 'Beeching Axe') 1 August 1963—1 August 1963: Minimum prison age raised to 17 8 August 1963—8 August 1963: 'Great Train Robbery' on Glasgow to London mail train 17 September 1963—17 September 1963: Fylingdales (Yorks) early warning system operational 18 November 1963—18 November 1963: Dartford Tunnel opens 23 November 1963—23 November 1963: First episode of 'Dr Who' on BBC TV
44	1964	1 January 1964—1 January 1964: First 'Top of the Pops' on BBC TV 9 April 1964—9 April 1964: First Greater London Council (GLC) election 21 April 1964—21 April 1964: BBC2 TV launched 22 August 1964—22 August 1964: 'Match of the Day' starts on BBC2 4 September 1964—4 September 1964: Forth road bridge opens