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Date |
Event(s) |
1 | 1812 | - 11 May 1812—11 May 1812: Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged
- 18 June 1812—18 June 1812: Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada
- October 1812—October 1812: Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses
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2 | 1813 | - 1813—1813: Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast
- 1813—1813: Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'
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3 | 1814 | - 1 January 1814—1 January 1814: Invasion of France by Allies
- 6 April 1814—6 April 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba
- 13 August 1814—13 August 1814: Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch
- 24 August 1814—24 August 1814: The British burn the White House
- 29 November 1814—29 November 1814: 'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour)
- 24 December 1814—24 December 1814: Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US
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4 | 1815 | - 1815—1815: Trial by Jury established in Scotland
- 1815—1815: Davy develops the safety lamp for miners
- 18 June 1815—18 June 1815: The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
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5 | 1816 | - 1816—1816: Income tax abolished
- 1816—1816: For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially
below their face value ? the first official 'token' coinage
- 1816—1816: Climate: the 'year without a summer' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years
- 1816—1816: Large scale emigration to North America
- 1816—1816: Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
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6 | 1817 | - 1817—1817: March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended
- 1817—1817: Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'
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7 | 1818 | - 1818—1818: Manchester cotton spinners' strike
- 20 October 1818—20 October 1818: 'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom
which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its
length
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8 | 1819 | - 1819—1819: Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular
- 1819—1819: Britain returns to gold standard
- 1819—1819: Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles
- May 1819—May 1819: SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26
Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26
Days mostly under sail)
- 16 August 1819—16 August 1819: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St.
Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the
meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
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9 | 1820 | - 1820—1820: Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet
- 1820—1820: Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition
- 29 January 1820—29 January 1820: Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent
- 1 August 1820—1 August 1820: Regent's Canal in London opens
- 17 August 1820—17 August 1820: Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ?
George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted
because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
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10 | 1821 | - 1821—1821: Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation'
- 1821—1821: Constable paints 'The Hay Wain'
- 5 May 1821—5 May 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
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11 | 1822 | - 14 June 1822—14 June 1822: Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
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12 | 1823 | - 1823—1823: New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session
- 1823—1823: Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes
- 1823—1823: Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School
- 1823—1823: Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh
- 2 December 1823—2 December 1823: US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in
future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
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13 | 1824 | - 1824—1824: RSPCA established
- 1824—1824: Portland cement patented
- 4 March 1824—4 March 1824: Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854)
- 10 May 1824—10 May 1824: National Gallery in London opens to the public
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14 | 1825 | - 27 September 1825—27 September 1825: Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
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15 | 1827 | - 1827—1827: Ohm's Law published
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16 | 1828 | - 25 October 1828—25 October 1828: St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
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17 | 1829 | - 1829—1829: London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed 'Bobbies' after Sir Robert Peel
- 1829—1829: Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind
- 10 June 1829—10 June 1829: First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race
- 6 October 1829—6 October 1829: George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to
complete the trial!)
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18 | 1830 | - 1830—1830: Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and
Belgium
- July 1830—July 1830: Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons ? Louis Philippe (the
Citizen King) on the throne
- 15 September 1830—15 September 1830: George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of
Wellington ? first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a
leading politician, is run over!
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19 | 1831 | - 1831—1831: A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled
- 1 June 1831—1 June 1831: James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole
- 1 August 1831—1 August 1831: 'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) ? old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
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20 | 1832 | - 1832—1832: Electoral Registers introduced
- 1832—1832: Electric telegraph invented by Morse
- 7 June 1832—7 June 1832: Reform Bill passed ? Representation of the People Act
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21 | 1833 | - January 1833—January 1833: Britain invades the Falkland Islands
- 29 August 1833—29 August 1833: Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
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22 | 1834 | - 1834—1834: Babbage invents forerunner of the computer
- 18 March 1834—18 March 1834: 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities
- 1 May 1834—1 May 1834: Slavery abolished in British possessions
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23 | 1835 | - 1835—1835: Christmas becomes a national holiday
- 1835—1835: First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway
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24 | 1836 | - 1836—1836: First Potato famine in Ireland
- 30 January 1836—30 January 1836: Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened ? considered the world's first modern suspension bridge
- 25 February 1836—25 February 1836: Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver'
- 6 March 1836—6 March 1836: The Alamo falls to Mexican troops - death of Davy Crockett
- July 1836—July 1836: Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
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25 | 1837 | - 1837—1837: Pitman introduces his shorthand system
- 1837—1837: P&O Founded
- 20 June 1837—20 June 1837: William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)
- 1 July 1837—1 July 1837: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales -
Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same
boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834
- 13 July 1837—13 July 1837: Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace
- 20 July 1837—20 July 1837: Euston Railway station opens - first in London
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26 | 1838 | - 28 June 1838—28 June 1838: Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
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27 | 1839 | - 1839—1839: First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong
- 1839—1839: Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a
mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern
Sense
- 1839—1839: Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
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28 | 1840 | - 1840—1840: Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain
- 1840—1840: Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed
elsewhere)
- 10 January 1840—10 January 1840: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
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29 | 1841 | - 1841—1841: Thomas Cook starts package tours
- 10 February 1841—10 February 1841: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp
- 6 June 1841—6 June 1841: June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)
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30 | 1842 | - 1842—1842: Income Tax reintroduced in Britain
- 30 March 1842—30 March 1842: Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America)
- 29 August 1842—29 August 1842: Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong
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31 | 1843 | - 1843—1843: First Christmas card in England
- 27 May 1843—27 May 1843: The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London
- 19 July 1843—19 July 1843: Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
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32 | 1844 | - 6 June 1844—6 June 1844: YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
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33 | 1845 | - 1845—1845: Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)
- 17 March 1845—17 March 1845: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
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34 | 1846 | - 10 September 1846—10 September 1846: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
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35 | 1847 | - 1847—1847: US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre
- January 1847—January 1847: An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
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36 | 1848 | - 1848—1848: First commercial production of chewing gum
- 24 January 1848—24 January 1848: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush
- 11 July 1848—11 July 1848: Waterloo railway station in London opens
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37 | 1849 | - 1849—1849: Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally
occurred in 1971!
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38 | 1851 | - 1851—1851: Gold discovered in Australia
- 1 May 1851—1 May 1851: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
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39 | 1852 | - 1852—1852: Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement
- 1852—1852: Wells Fargo established in USA
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40 | 1853 | - 1853—1853: Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
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41 | 1854 | - 1854—1854: Cigarettes introduced into Britain
- 27 March 1854—27 March 1854: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)
- 25 October 1854—25 October 1854: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
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